Theprocessofphotosynthesisisafundamentalbiologicalprocessthatoccursinplants,algae,andsomebacteria.Thisprocessconvertslightenergyfromthesunintochemicalenergyintheformofglucoseandoxygen.Theprocessofphotosynthesistakesplaceinthechloroplastsofplantcellsandinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(alsoknownastheCalvincycle).
光合作用是发生在植物、藻类和一些细菌中的基本生物学过程。这一过程将来自太阳的光能转化为葡萄糖和氧气形式的化学能。光合作用发生在植物细胞的叶绿体中,包括两个主要阶段:依赖光的反应和不依赖光的反应(也称为卡尔文循环)。
Duringthelight-dependentreactions,lightenergyisabsorbedbychlorophyllandotherpigments,andisusedtosplitwatermoleculesintooxygenandprotons.TheseprotonsareusedtocreateaformofchemicalenergycalledATP(adenosinetriphosphate)andNADPH(nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate).
在依赖光的反应中,光能被叶绿素和其他色素吸收,并被用来将水分子分解成氧和质子。这些质子被用来产生一种叫做ATP(三磷酸腺苷)和NADPH(烟酰胺腺嘌呤磷酸二核苷酸)的化学能。
Thelight-independentreactionsusetheenergyfromATPandNADPHtofixcarbondioxideandcreateglucose.Thisprocessisalsoknownascarbonfixation.Theglucoseproducedduringphotosynthesisisthenusedbytheplantasasourceofenergyandasabuildingblockforotherorganic